Terrain
- Marshy and swampy in many parts of the Boreal forest because of the snow that melts in late spring and the cool and rainy summers do not allow the water to completely evaporate
Soil
- Soils in the Boreal Forest are highly acidic due to the fallen conifer needles that accumulate on the floor
- The soil is also very poor in nutrients which limit the number of plants that are able to grow in Boreal forests
Temperature
- Highest average temperature 16 degrees Celsius
- Lowest average temperature -25 degrees Celsius
- Boreal forests have very long and cold winters and short and mild summers because of its northern latitude
Precipitation
- Boreal Forests receives between 20 to 200 cm of precipitation per year
- Because of the long winters most of the precipitation occur in the form of snow